Blackjack Pair splitting strategy

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Experienced Canadian blackjack players are fully aware of the house’s fundamental edge over the player. Pair splitting was introduced as an option to boost the player’s winning chances by shrinking the house’s edge.

While offering benefits, many players use pair splitting without first making sure that it is the best and most logical decision. The eagerness of many players to automatically choose the pair splitting option is often done at the expense of first examining alternatives. The result is that instead of strengthening the player’s hand, the pair splitting strategy benefits the house.

This article seeks to address this challenge and aims to reverse it by placing it within the context of the optimal or basic blackjack strategy. We will take a closer look at when it makes most mathematical sense to split a pair. The overall purpose is to maximize the player’s earnings and minimize the losses in the long term.

When to split pairs 

The pair splitting option can be good as long as you know when and how to use it. When you use the optimal strategy at Mr Green, you should only use pair splitting after having considered (and dismissed) the surrender option.

You should also only decide to pick the pair splitting option before potentially doubling down or requesting a new playing card.

Pair splitting is only possible when the player gets two cards of the same value. If the player receives the combination 4 -4, for example, then they can choose between splitting it into two hands, each with the value 4, or playing with one single hand with the value 8.

Choosing pair splitting means you must place an extra bet of the same value as your original stake.

Blackjack pair splitting use

How to use pair splitting optimally

This depends on several factors:

  • The rules in use at the blackjack table
  • The value of the player’s pair
  • The value of the dealer’s card
  • The number of card decks in use

Choosing whether to split pairs rarely depends on whether the dealer must hit on soft 17 or not. On the other hand, it will be affected by whether doubling is allowed after a split. In practice this means that when doubling is allowed, the correct choice is to split more pairs than when it is not.

The tables below offer an overview of pair splitting and when it is the optimal choice. The first column lists the player’s initial hand. The remaining columns show dealer hands that make it optimal for the player to split pairs.

S17 indicates that the dealer must hit on all soft 17. H17 indicates that the dealer must stand on a hand of 17. In this context, DAS is an abbreviation for “doubling after split” and NDAS means “no doubling after split.”

Card decks: 1
Table rules: S17, DAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S S S S
4 – 4 S S S
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split

Card decks: 1
Table rules: H17, DAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S S S S
4 – 4 S S S
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S
9 – 9 S S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split

Card decks: 1
Table rules: S17, NDAS & H17, NDAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S S
4 – 4
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split

Card decks: 2
Table rules: S17, DAS & H17, DAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S S S
4 – 4 S S
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split

Card decks: 2
Table rules: S17, NDAS & H17, NDAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S
4 – 4
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S(*)
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split
(*) = When H17, split if surrender is not allowed, otherwise surrender

Card decks: 4/6/8
Table rules: S17, DAS & H17, DAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S S S
4 – 4 S S
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S(*)
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split
(*) = When H17, split if surrender is not allowed, otherwise surrender

Card decks: 4/6/8
Table rules: S17, NDAS & H17, NDAS

Dealer’s card
Your starting hand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A
2 – 2 S S S S
3 – 3 S S S S
4 – 4
5 – 5
6 – 6 S S S S
7 – 7 S S S S S S
8 – 8 S S S S S S S S S S(*)
9 – 9 S S S S S S S
10 – 10
A – A S S S S S S S S S S
S = Split
(*) = When H17, split if surrender is not allowed, otherwise surrender

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Pair splitting and the numbers behind it

There are at least three reasons why players should consider picking the pair splitting option:

  • Minimizing long-term losses
  • Maximizing long-term profits
  • Winning a hand despite unfavourable odds

Minimizing long-term losses

Given that the odds are stacked against the player, the main goal of optimal strategy is to minimize your long-term losses. Let’s assume that you are sitting at a blackjack table with the following condition:

  • Table using 4, 6 or 8 card decks

You receive 7 – 7, which gives you a hand value of 14. At the same time, the house gets the value 2. In such a scenario, the odds are not in your favour since you are statistically destined to lose 64 percent of all hands.

If you bet CAD$1 on each hand and you choose to play 100 hands, you will on average end up losing $28 after 100 rounds ($64 – $36).

Now let’s assume you decide to split your 14-value hand into two where each one has the value 7. The odds are still against you. However, the pair splitting decision shrinks the number of losing hands from 64 percent to 55 percent. That increases the proportion of winning hands from 36 to 45 percent.

Since you are pair splitting, your stake will increase from $1 to $2 per round. Assuming that you play 100 rounds, this scenario will produce earnings of $90 ($2 x 45 winning rounds) and a loss of $110 ($2 x 55 losing rounds).

By choosing pair splitting, your net result will be on average a $20 loss ($110 – $90). While this is still a loss, it will be $8 lower than if you had continued playing without pair splitting

Maximizing long-term profits

Choosing pair splitting can also help you maximize your long-term earnings in blackjack.

Let’s assume that all the previously mentioned conditions apply. However, in this case, you get a 9 – 9 hand and the dealer receives a 6. In other words, your 18-value hand is strong and will on average secure winnings for you in 64 percent of the cases by simply standing. If you play 100 rounds with these conditions and bet $1 for every hand, your average net earnings would amount to $28 ($64 winning hands – $36 losing hands).

Let’s instead assume that you decide to apply pair splitting. In such a scenario, your net earnings will grow to $40. That’s $12 higher than the $28 you would generate if you had not chosen to split.

So pair splitting reduced your earning chances to 60 percent from 64 percent for standing but maximized your long-term earnings.

Are you still not convinced? Let’s calculate it: With on average 60 winning hands and a double bet, you will secure earnings of $120 ($2 x 60 winning hands). At the same time, you will end up losing 40 hands, which with a double bet means a total loss of $80 ($2 x 40 losing hands). The net result will be a profit of $40 ($120 – $80). In other words, you gain $12 in the long term by pair splitting.

Winning even when the odds are against you

Experienced Canadian players know that you can sometimes when even when the odds are stacked against you. Let’s assume that the basic conditions are the same as in the previous examples. However, you will instead get a 7 – 7 hand in this scenario while the dealer gets a 6.

You will on average win 42 percent of the hands and lose 58 percent. If we once again play 100 rounds and you bet $1 per hand, you will on average lose $16 ($58 – $42).

Now let’s assume you decide to split pairs. Your 14 value hand becomes two hands, each one with the value 7. Since 7 is higher than the dealer’s 6, it will give you an edge over the house. Thanks to the pair splitting option, your proportion of winning hands will increase to 52 percent while the losing hands will shrink to 48 percent.

Since you split the hand, your bet will double to $2 for each round. Over 100 rounds, your profit will average $104 ($2 x 52 successful rounds). At the same time, your total loss will average $96 ($2 x 48 unsuccessful rounds).

That’s a theoretical long-term net profit of $8. In other words, you transform a $16 loss into an $8 profit.

Concluding remarks

Pair splitting is an important component in the optimal blackjack strategy, also known as the basic strategy. It is the second issue to consider after the surrender option. Players in Canada and elsewhere tend to either use pair splitting excessively or not at all but if used correctly, it can help the player to minimize losses and maximize earnings in the long term. Pair splitting can also help players to reverse some losses and turn them into long-term profits. As a player, you can practise the pair splitting option at our live casino.